According to the Environmental Code, Best Available Techniques (BAT) refers to the most effective and advanced stage of development of activities and methods of their implementation, which demonstrate their practical suitability to serve as a basis for establishing technological norms and other environmental conditions aimed at preventing or, if practically impossible, minimizing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. The application of best available techniques is aimed at comprehensive prevention of environmental pollution, minimization and control of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment.
Currently, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan has approved 14 BAT handbooks for the following sectors:
1. Production of inorganic chemicals
2. Production of zinc and cadmium
3. Production of cement and lime
4. Production of lead
5. Production of copper and precious metals - gold
6. Oil and gas processing
7. Extraction and beneficiation of non-ferrous metal ores (including precious metals)
8. Production of pig iron and steel
9. Coal mining and beneficiation
10. Oil and gas extraction
11. Production of ferroalloys
12. Production of further processed products of ferrous metals
13. Aluminum production
14. Extraction and beneficiation of iron ores (including other black metal ores)
